people offline globally · 2025
ITU estimate ↗Billions offline.
A drawer full
of possibility.
Millions of devices are replaced. Billions of people are offline. Can we give useful technology a longer life—and more people a way online?
A Canadian conversation about e-waste, access
and the voices missing from the internet.
useful.REPAIR → REUSE → CONNECT
A thoughtful next chapter.
e-waste generated in Canada · 2022
Global E-waste Monitor ↗formally collected in Canada · 2022
Global E-waste Monitor ↗Different years. Different measures. Canada’s total includes more than phones; it does not measure exports or discarded working devices.
The world online
isn’t the whole world.
Being offline is not the same as being voiceless.
People without internet access have opinions, knowledge, culture and political agency. But their contributions are less likely to appear directly in online debate, digital research, platform data and AI training material.
Connectivity can widen participation. Meaningful representation also depends on language, education, security, affordability and whose contributions are amplified.
Take the free 4–6 minute mini-lesson →An internet user is not necessarily an active social-media participant. An offline person is not without a voice.
Source: ITU, Facts and Figures 2025 ↗A signal isn’t the same as access.
Coverage gap. A usable network does not reliably reach someone.
Usage gap. A network is available, but cost, skills, power, accessibility, relevant content or trust stand in the way of using it.
You are the connectivity planner.
Three fictional communities. Which intervention addresses the primary barrier?
Useful yesterday.
Waste tomorrow?
Canada generated an estimated 20.2 kg of e-waste per resident in 2022. The 98,000 tonnes documented as formally collected is much lower than generation—but the difference does not tell us that everything else was exported or dumped.
Some retired devices can be repaired, resold or donated. Others are unsafe, locked, unsupported or irreparable. Their next step needs to match their actual condition.
2022 Canada data & limitations ↗- 01Keep using it safely
- 02Repair before replacing
- 03Sell or donate a supported device
- 04Recover components through qualified channels
- 05Recycle responsibly at end of life
Before you replace it,
ask what still works.
A fading battery, a broken screen and the end of security updates are different problems. Functional limits, repair barriers and marketing cycles also shape replacement. Not every upgrade proves deliberate manufacturer misconduct.
Does this phone still have a second life?
Start with five checks. Repair comes before replacement when it is safe and sensible.
A few checks before a second life
Choose an answer for each check. This tool offers guidance, not certification.
Find repair, donation & recycling options →Should a Canadian phone
travel overseas?
Sometimes—but only if it genuinely meets a recipient’s needs. Testing, erasure, shipping, duties, battery life, software support and local repair all matter. An appropriate phone bought locally may be the better choice.
Illustrative values in Canadian dollars. Include shipping, testing, repairs and duties in delivered cost. This is not an environmental or legal assessment.
A lower cost per year is only one input. Never export untested or unusable devices as donations. Check applicable Canadian and destination-country rules with qualified partners.
Our responsibility travels further
than our devices.
Keep value in use.
Longer use can delay waste and reduce replacement demand. Climate benefits depend on actual displaced purchases and lifecycle conditions.
Respect recipient choice.
A donation should not move waste-management costs to communities with fewer resources. Local procurement or Canadian reuse may create more value.
Make access meaningful.
A suitable device and affordable data can support learning, work and communication. Connectivity alone does not guarantee democratic representation.
“The goal isn’t to get rid of our old phones. The goal is to give useful technology a responsible next chapter.”
Give it more life.
Then give it the right next stop.
Keep your curiosity in use.
The free learning experience ends here. These optional courses are hosted externally on Ecodemy; purchase or membership may be required. Access terms are set by Ecodemy.
E-Waste
Explore e-waste, right to repair, and the roles of manufacturers, governments and consumers.
Take the E-Waste course ↗External Ecodemy course · potentially paidPlanned Obsolescence
Look more closely at product lifespans, replacement cycles and sustainability.
Explore Planned Obsolescence ↗External Ecodemy course · potentially paid